Yii2.0 数据库操作增删改查大全

简单查询

one(): 根据查询结果返回查询的第一条记录。

all(): 根据查询结果返回所有记录。

count(): 返回记录的数量。

sum(): 返回指定列的总数。

average(): 返回指定列的平均值。

min(): 返回指定列的最小值。

max(): 返回指定列的最大值。

scalar(): 返回查询结果的第一行中的第一列的值。

column(): 返回查询结果中的第一列的值。

exists(): 返回一个值，该值指示查询结果是否有数据。

where(): 添加查询条件

with(): 该查询应执行的关系列表。

indexBy(): 根据索引的列的名称查询结果。

asArray(): 以数组的形式返回每条记录。

应用实例

Customer::find()->one(); 此方法返回一条数据；

Customer::find()->all(); 此方法返回所有数据；

Customer::find()->count(); 此方法返回记录的数量；

Customer::find()->average(); 此方法返回指定列的平均值；

Customer::find()->min(); 此方法返回指定列的最小值 ；

Customer::find()->max(); 此方法返回指定列的最大值 ；

Customer::find()->scalar(); 此方法返回值的第一行第一列的查询结果；

Customer::find()->column(); 此方法返回查询结果中的第一列的值；

Customer::find()->exists(); 此方法返回一个值指示是否包含查询结果的数据行；
Customer::find()->asArray()->one(); 以数组形式返回一条数据；

Customer::find()->asArray()->all(); 以数组形式返回所有数据；
Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->one(); 根据条件以数组形式返回一条数据；

Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->all(); 根据条件以数组形式返回所有数据；
Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->orderBy(‘id DESC’)->all(); 根据条件以数组形式返回所有数据,并根据ID倒序；

2. 关联查询：

[[ActiveRecord::hasOne()]]：返回对应关系的单条记录
[[ActiveRecord::hasMany()]]：返回对应关系的多条记录

应用实例：

//客户表Model：CustomerModel

//订单表Model：OrdersModel

//国家表Model：CountrysModel

//首先要建立表与表之间的关系

//在CustomerModel中添加与订单的关系

Class CustomerModel extends yiidbActiveRecord
{

…

public function getOrders()
{
//客户和订单是一对多的关系所以用hasMany

//此处OrdersModel在CustomerModel顶部别忘了加对应的命名空间

//id对应的是OrdersModel的id字段，order_id对应CustomerModel的order_id字段

return $this ->hasMany(OrdersModel::className(), [ ‘id’ => ‘order_id’ ]);
}

public function getCountry()
{
//客户和国家是一对一的关系所以用hasOne

return $this ->hasOne(CountrysModel::className(), [ ‘id’ => ‘Country_id’ ]);
}
….
}

// 查询客户与他们的订单和国家

CustomerModel::find()->with( ‘orders’ , ‘country’ )->all();

// 查询客户与他们的订单和订单的发货地址

CustomerModel::find()->with( ‘orders.address’ )->all();

// 查询客户与他们的国家和状态为1的订单
CustomerModel::find()->with([

‘orders’ => function ( $query ) {

$query ->andWhere( ‘status = 1’ );

},

‘country’ ,
])->all();
注：with 中的 orders 对应 getOrders

常见问题：

1. 在查询时加了 ->select (); 如下，要加上 order_id，即关联的字段（比如：order_id）比如要在 select 中，否则会报错：undefined index order_id

// 查询客户与他们的订单和国家
CustomerModel::find()->select( ‘order_id’ )->with( ‘orders’ , ‘country’ )->all();

findOne () 和 findAll ():

// 查询key值为10的客户
$customer = Customer::findOne(10);
$customer = Customer::find()->where([ ‘id’ => 10])->one();

// 查询年龄为30，状态值为1的客户
$customer = Customer::findOne([ ‘age’ => 30, ‘status’ => 1]);
$customer = Customer::find()->where([ ‘age’ => 30, ‘status’ => 1])->one();

// 查询key值为10的所有客户
$customers = Customer::findAll(10);
$customers = Customer::find()->where([ ‘id’ => 10])->all();

// 查询key值为10，11,12的客户
$customers = Customer::findAll([10, 11, 12]);
$customers = Customer::find()->where([ ‘id’ => [10, 11, 12]])->all();

// 查询年龄为30，状态值为1的所有客户
$customers = Customer::findAll([ ‘age’ => 30, ‘status’ => 1]);
$customers = Customer::find()->where([ ‘age’ => 30, ‘status’ => 1])->all();
where () 条件：
$customers = Customer::find()->where($cond)->all();

$cond 写法举例：
// SQL: (type = 1) AND (status = 2).
$cond = [ ‘type’ => 1, ‘status’ => 2]
// SQL:(id IN (1, 2, 3)) AND (status = 2)
$cond = [ ‘id’ => [1, 2, 3], ‘status’ => 2]
//SQL:status IS NULL
$cond = [ ‘status’ => null]
[[and]]: 将不同的条件组合在一起，用法举例：

//SQL:`id=1 AND id=2`
$cond = [ ‘and’ , ‘id=1’ , ‘id=2’ ]

//SQL:`type=1 AND (id=1 OR id=2)`
$cond = [ ‘and’ , ‘type=1’ , [ ‘or’ , ‘id=1’ , ‘id=2’ ]]
[[or]]:

//SQL:`(type IN (7, 8, 9) OR (id IN (1, 2, 3)))`
$cond = [ ‘or’ , [ ‘type’ => [7, 8, 9]], [ ‘id’ => [1, 2, 3]]

[[not]]:
//SQL:`NOT (attribute IS NULL)`
$cond = [ ‘not’ , [ ‘attribute’ => null]]
[[between]]: not between 用法相同

//SQL:`id BETWEEN 1 AND 10`
$cond = [ ‘between’ , ‘id’ , 1, 10]
[[in]]: not in 用法类似

//SQL:`id IN (1, 2, 3)`
$cond = [ ‘in’ , ‘id’ , [1, 2, 3]]

//IN条件也适用于多字段
$cond = [ ‘in’ , [ ‘id’ , ‘name’ ], [[ ‘id’ => 1, ‘name’ => ‘foo’ ], [ ‘id’ => 2, ‘name’ => ‘bar’ ]]]

//也适用于内嵌sql语句
$cond = [ ‘in’ , ‘user_id’ , ( new Query())->select( ‘id’ )->from( ‘users’ )->where([ ‘active’ => 1])]
[[like]]:

//SQL:`name LIKE ‘%tester%’`
$cond = [ ‘like’ , ‘name’ , ‘tester’ ]

//SQL:`name LIKE ‘%test%’ AND name LIKE ‘%sample%’`
$cond = [ ‘like’ , ‘name’ , [ ‘test’ , ‘sample’ ]]

//SQL:`name LIKE ‘%tester’`
$cond = [ ‘like’ , ‘name’ , ‘%tester’ , false]
[[exists]]: not exists 用法类似

//SQL:EXISTS (SELECT “id” FROM “users” WHERE “active”=1)
$cond = [ ‘exists’ , ( new Query())->select( ‘id’ )->from( ‘users’ )->where([ ‘active’ => 1])]
此外，您可以指定任意运算符如下

//SQL:`id >= 10`
$cond = [ ‘>=’ , ‘id’ , 10]

//SQL:`id != 10`
$cond = [ ‘!=’ , ‘id’ , 10]

常用查询：

// WHERE admin_id >= 10 LIMIT 0,10
User::find()->select( ‘*’ )->where([ ‘>=’ , ‘admin_id’ , 10])->offset(0)->limit(10)->all()

// SELECT `id`, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `user`) AS `count` FROM `post`
$subQuery = ( new Query())->select( ‘COUNT(*)’ )->from( ‘user’ );
$query = ( new Query())->select([ ‘id’ , ‘count’ => $subQuery ])->from( ‘post’ );

// SELECT DISTINCT `user_id` …
User::find()->select( ‘user_id’ )->distinct();

更新：

//update();
//runValidation boolen 是否通过validate()校验字段 默认为true
//attributeNames array 需要更新的字段
$model ->update( $runValidation , $attributeNames );

//updateAll();
//update customer set status = 1 where status = 2

Customer::updateAll([ ‘status’ => 1], ‘status = 2’ );

//update customer set status = 1 where status = 2 and uid = 1;
Customer::updateAll([ ‘status’ => 1], [ ‘status’ => ‘2’ , ‘uid’ => ‘1’ ]);

删除：

$model = Customer::findOne( $id );
$model -> delete ();
$model ->deleteAll([ ‘id’ =>1]);

批量插入：

Yii:: $app ->db->createCommand()->batchInsert(UserModel::tableName(), [ ‘user_id’ , ‘username’ ], [

[ ‘1’ , ‘test1’ ],

[ ‘2’ , ‘test2’ ],

[ ‘3’ , ‘test3’ ],

])->execute();
查看执行 sql

//UserModel
$query = UserModel::find()->where([ ‘status’ =>1]);
echo $query ->createCommand()->getRawSql();